Which of the following best describes the piezoelectric effect?

The piezoelectric effect refers to the ability of certain materials, particularly crystals, to generate an electrical charge in response to applied mechanical stress or deformation. This effect occurs when mechanical forces are applied, resulting in an internal electrical polarization that generates a voltage.

In ultrasound applications, this effect is crucial because it allows piezoelectric crystals to convert electrical signals into sound waves and vice versa. When an electrical pulse is applied to a piezoelectric crystal, it physically deforms, producing sound waves that can travel through tissues. Conversely, when sound waves hit the crystal, they cause it to vibrate, generating electrical signals that can be processed into images.

Thus, the description involving mechanical deformation due to applied high voltage accurately captures the essence of the piezoelectric effect and its significance in ultrasound technology.